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Veterinary medicine and canine osteopathy share a common goal: improving animal health and well-being. While veterinary medicine primarily focuses on diagnosing and treating diseases, osteopathy takes a holistic approach, emphasizing the interconnection between the musculoskeletal system and overall health. Rather than being alternatives, these disciplines can work synergistically to optimize canine health, enhance recovery, and improve quality of life.

The Principles of Canine Osteopathy

Canine osteopathy is rooted in the understanding that the body functions as a whole, where the structure and function of tissues are closely linked. Osteopathic practitioners use manual techniques to detect and correct restrictions in mobility, aiming to restore normal function. This approach not only benefits musculoskeletal issues but can also have a positive impact on the nervous, circulatory, and lymphatic systems.

How Osteopathy Supports Veterinary Care

Enhancing Recovery After Surgery and Injury

Post-surgical rehabilitation often focuses on pain management and restoring mobility. Osteopathic techniques, such as myofascial release and joint mobilization, can aid in reducing inflammation, improving circulation, and preventing compensatory strain patterns that may develop due to restricted movement. By integrating osteopathy with conventional post-operative care, recovery can be optimized, reducing healing time and improving patient outcomes.

Managing Chronic Pain and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Conditions like arthritis, hip dysplasia, and degenerative joint disease are common in dogs, particularly as they age. While veterinarians often prescribe medications such as NSAIDs to manage pain and inflammation, osteopathy provides a drug-free complementary approach that can help enhance the management of these conditions.

Gentle manipulations and soft tissue techniques can help joint mobility, reduce stiffness, and improve overall comfort, helping to minimize reliance on pharmaceutical interventions.

Supporting Neurological Rehabilitation

Dogs suffering from neurological conditions, such as intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) or nerve injuries, benefit from multimodal rehabilitation strategies. Osteopathic treatment can help address muscle imbalances, improve spinal alignment, and support neural function by enhancing proprioception and neuromuscular coordination.

Combined with veterinary-prescribed physiotherapy or hydrotherapy, osteopathy can contribute significantly to functional improvements.

Addressing Compensation Patterns and Secondary Issues

When a dog experiences an injury or undergoes surgery, they often develop compensatory movement patterns that can lead to secondary issues such as muscle strain or joint dysfunction.

Osteopathy helps to identify and address these patterns early, preventing further complications and promoting balanced movement. This is particularly beneficial for working dogs, sporting dogs, and those with previous injuries.

Improving Gastrointestinal and Systemic Health

Osteopathy is not limited to musculoskeletal concerns. Since the autonomic nervous system plays a key role in digestive function, osteopathic techniques that address the spine and diaphragm can help regulate gut motility and reduce tension that may contribute to digestive disturbances. This can be particularly useful for dogs with chronic gastrointestinal issues, in conjunction with veterinary dietary and medical interventions.

A Collaborative Approach for Optimal Canine Health

For optimal results, veterinary professionals and osteopaths should work together in a collaborative framework. Veterinary diagnosis provides essential information about a dog’s condition, while osteopathic assessment and treatment offer additional support for functional restoration. Open communication between veterinarians and osteopaths ensures that each patient receives a well-rounded, integrative approach tailored to their specific needs.

Canine osteopathy and veterinary medicine are not opposing fields but complementary disciplines that, when combined, enhance canine health and well-being. Through post-surgical rehabilitation, chronic pain management, neurological support, and addressing systemic imbalances, osteopathy serves as a valuable adjunct to conventional veterinary care. As awareness grows, fostering collaboration between these fields will continue to improve treatment outcomes and elevate the standard of care for canine patients.

Resources:

Cornell University, Riney Canine Health Center. (n.d.). Intervertebral disc disease. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/intervertebral-disc-disease

MSD Veterinary Manual. (n.d.). Parts of the nervous system in dogs. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/dog-owners/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders-of-dogs/parts-of-the-nervous-system-in-dogs#Neurons_v3205634

With any horse or human, for that matter, nutrition is an essential consideration when it comes to health management. It can be difficult for owners of horses to navigate the wide variety of opinions and advice on offer and this could potentially lead to horses receiving the wrong diet for their unique constitution.

Here my aim is to inform on the general principles of nutrition and investigate the current evidence. As with all advice and information found within articles, it is important to remember this is only generalized information and owners should always seek veterinary advice before making dietary changes for their animal.

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What is Nutrition?

Nutrition as a science is deep and practitioners study to degree level to practice and will further specialize in various areas of the science. In as plain a description as possible, nutrition is the combination of food, water, and supplementation to provide the living being with the essential reserves needed for healthy functioning.

Nutritionists will assess the unique case of each horse and address the various potential deficiencies with tailored plans and supplements. Nutrition is not just about the actual type and content of food being provided but also the timing and amount.

Domesticated horses will have a different diet to those in the wild. Wild equines will graze and browse on a variety of plant material and succulent forages containing proteins, water, lipids, and carbohydrates but much less starches than our domesticated horses (Frape, 2010).

While many will try to create as natural an intake of food as possible, the reality is that without hundreds of acres of land that is biodiverse and flourishing, this is not possible. The science of nutrition allows for the creation of foodstuffs that best provide the horse with the fuel, vitamins, and minerals that they have evolved to consume but with the convenience and availability that domestication necessitates.

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The Essentials of Equine Nutrition

So what do horses actually need in their diet? Horses are known as trickle feeders in that they eat at frequent intervals throughout the day. We do tend to provide horses with bulk meals at various times too but these will depend highly on the individual needs such as their activity, age, and health status.

The most important principle in equine nutrition is that they must have access to water and some kind of forage the majority of the time. Of course, at times the horse may, by participating actively in exercise and sports, would not be eating. There will also be occasions where food should be removed for the horse’s health and safety such as when recovering from anesthesia or sedation due to the risk of choking.

Secondly, the horse must receive the correct balance of macronutrients for their unique constitution. This means that there should be an adequate intake of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and fibre. The amounts will vary depending on the individual’s demands (Geor, Harris and Coenen, 2012).

Timing of the feeding is also important. When offering forage such as hay, haylage, and grass, eating is generally continuous in most cases and horses will self-regulate their intake when the forage is available.

However, when feeding hard feeds such as mixes, pellets, and soaked feed, they need to be spaced appropriately throughout the day. We must also consider that horses will naturally eat less during the night due to the fact they are diurnal (Melyni Worth, 2010). The horse’s digestive system can get overloaded with the high concentrate feeds and this can lead to problems such as colic.

The quality of food and supplements is vital. Due to the type of feeds we provide domesticated horses, it is not uncommon to find problems with storage or pests that have caused feed quality to be compromised.

Hay and other forage if not stored well can become wet leading to mold growth. Hard feeds should be stored where pests such as mice and rats cannot access them. Water should be clean and free of potential parasitic organisms.

We should also consider the quality of grazing. This can be through good grassland management and seasonal rotation, clearing droppings from fields to avoid increased parasite burdens, and removing toxic plants from fields such as ragwort or acorns. Finding a good feed supplier will often negate problems with quality.

Individuality is fundamental to nutrition study. Each animal will have their own intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the behavior around eating, physical ability to digest and absorb, and of course different physical activity demands.

Horses in older age will often develop dental issues as a result of the natural eruption of their teeth and eventual loss of them. This will inhibit their ability to masticate (chew) longer forage such as hay and will necessitate forage replacement meals high in fibre.

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Equine Macronutrients & Micronutrients

To understand the way in which feeds affect our horses, we need to understand the components that makeup food. Macronutrients are the components that bodies need in larger quantities in order to create and store energy and repair.

These are the fats, proteins, carbohydrates, fibre, and water we provide in a variety of foods and forage. These compounds are made up of smaller components and are broken down into those components in digestion to be used or stored.

Micronutrients are the vitamins and minerals that we need in smaller quantities but are essential for healthy functioning. These include B vitamins, Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, minerals such as zinc, iron, and magnesium, and many others.

Micronutrients are essential in processes such as facilitating the production of DNA, producing enzymes and hormones, and allowing nerve function. The body can synthesize some of these but some are known as “essential” meaning that the body needs to gain them through nutrition and supplementation.

It can help to understand the uses if you think of the macronutrients as the body’s raw materials and the micronutrients as the many tools and helpers that allow us to utilise them. The ratios of different macronutrients and micronutrients are important to consider when feeding and even in an otherwise healthy animal, a continuous lack of a certain nutrient can lead to deficiency and symptoms will become apparent.

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Variations in Horse Nutrition Requirements

A horse’s requirements for certain nutrients will vary depending on their age, health status, activity/sports, pregnancy, and even behaviour. In early life, the horse will be dedicating a lot of vital resources to growth and development, this will necessitate a higher proportion of protein in their diet than their adult counterparts.

For similar reasons, a lactating or pregnant mare will also need higher protein feed. Excessive sweating can seriously deplete electrolytes such as sodium and potassium (micronutrients) which play essential roles in fluid transfer and nerve conduction and so these may need to be increased in horses with heavier workloads or at certain times of the year.

Many horse owners will increase the intake of fats in their horse’s feed during the winter months. This can be very useful to ensure they have the reserves to self-regulate their temperature in the cold. However, it can be tricky if the horse gains too much weight, and owners need to be aware of any conditions such as equine metabolic syndrome (similar to diabetes in humans) or laminitis and how these affect or are affected by weight gain.

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Types of Hores Feeds

It can be overwhelming at first when looking at all the available feeds and forage types as a horse owner. The key is to get some clear and educated information from a nutritionist and the feed producers.

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Forages

These are the high-fibre feeds that are lower in starches and provide the horse with the bulk of their diet. Horses have evolved to feed little and often so this type of food is essential.

Hay and haylage provide them with plenty of chewing. Horses can chew up to 18 hours of the day and if they do not have sufficient forage to chew on, this can cause stress by stopping them from performing natural chewing behaviour.

The slower breakdown of fibre in the hindgut also helps horses to regulate their temperature as this breakdown creates heat. Regular adequate access to forage also protects the horse from gastric ulceration by the continual flow of food and saliva into the digestive system.

Horses are continuously producing stomach acid and saliva acts as a pH buffer to reduce the risk of ulceration. This should be the largest component of the horse’s diet. Soaked feeds such as sugar beet also provide extra fibre at times of the year when sufficient grass may not be available. Feed companies also create high-fibre hard feeds in pellet and mix form.

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Concentrates

These are what some people refer to as “hard feed” or “grain”. These are cereal-based foods derived from oats, barley, and maize. Concentrates are much more energy-dense than forage and are very useful for providing the additional macronutrients a horse may need if they are in work, aging, developing, or needing to gain weight and condition.

Not all horses need concentrates and many horses, even in light to medium work, can do fine on only forage and perhaps some additional supplements. Feed companies often fortify these mixes and pellets with additional protein for horses needing it for muscle development, healing, or other reasons.

There are tailor made mixes and pellets available for broodmares, young horses, older horses, and high-level working horses that provide the extra elements that these individual populations need.

Balancer and Supplements

Some horses may need additional vitamins and minerals or oils and joint support that are not available in enough quantities in the concentrates. These can often be fed alongside some small forage like chaff if the horse does not require larger meals of concentrates.

Balancers and supplements are fed in small amounts, a bit like a human taking a vitamin pill. If taken in too high quantities they will just be wasted by excretion. It is important to consult a vet or nutritionist before using supplemental additions as the horse must have the right balance to gain the benefit and sometimes overuse can lead to dysfunction.

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Hydration

Water is essential for life and horses require it for both physiological functions and moving food safely through the gut. Dehydration can lead to impaction within the gut and cause colic.

A healthy horse can drink around 5 to 15 gallons (20 to 55 liters) of water every day and even more in hot weather or in heavy work. Always provide horses with access to clean water and in cold weather ensure that ice has not formed stopping them from drinking.

Bibliography:

www.bhs.org.uk. (n.d.). Feeding Horses: Horse Diet & Feed | The British Horse Society. [online] Available at: https://www.bhs.org.uk/horse-care-and-welfare/health-care-management/horse-health/feeding-horses/.

Geor, R.J., Harris, P.A. and Coenen, M. (2013). Equine applied and clinical nutrition : health, welfare and performance. Oxford: Saunders.

Frape, D. (2010). Equine nutrition and feeding. Uk: Wiley-Blackwell.

Melyni Worth (2010). The horse nutrition handbook : [feeding for maximum health, longevity, and performance; evaluating weight and well-beeing; designing a year-round feeding program; understanding proper supplement use and resolving nutritional disorders; managing pastureland for optimal health, safety, and feed value]. North Adams, Ma: Storey Publ.

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The Longissimus Dorsi Muscle in the Horse: Anatomy and Function

The longissimus dorsi is one of the most significant muscles in the equine musculoskeletal system. As part of the epaxial muscles, it plays a crucial role in movement, stability, and performance. Understanding its anatomy, function, and clinical relevance is essential for veterinarians, osteopaths, and equine body workers.

Location and Structure

The longissimus dorsi is the largest and longest muscle of the horse’s back. It runs along both sides of the vertebral column, It is not just found in the back. It actually begins in the neck at c4 and goes to the sacrum. It also has branches that extend all the way up to the head and back to the tail. The neck sections of the longissimus are called the longissimus cervicis muscle. The longissimus dorsi muscle is part of the longissimus system, which belongs to the erector spinae group and is divided into three sections: (1)

• Longissimus lumborum – located in the lumbar region.
• Longissimus thoracis – extending along the thoracic vertebrae.
• Longissimus cervicis – continuing into the cervical region towards the head.

Origin and Insertion

• Origin: Arises from the sacrum, ilium, lumbar vertebrae, and thoracic vertebrae.
• Insertion: Attaches to the transverse processes of the vertebrae, and ribs vertebrae. (2)

Function

The longissimus dorsi plays a vital role in spinal movement and support. Its functions include:

• Extension of the spine – dorsiflex
• Lateral flexion – bending the spine to one side.
• Stabilisation of the vertebral column – crucial for maintaining balance and posture.
• Transmission of force from the hindquarters – essential for locomotion, jumping, and collection in dressage movements.
• Absorption of mechanical power – acting eccentrically to control spinal motion during movement.

(3)

Nerve Supply

All sections of the longissimus are innervated by the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves. With the thoracic section innervated by the dorsal rami of the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves. The capitis and cervicis sections are innervated by the dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves. (4)

These nerves emerge providing motor and sensory signals to the muscle.

Biomechanics and Movement

The biomechanics of the horse’s back depend on the interaction between the spinal column and the spinal musculature. (5) The longissimus dorsi muscle performs different functions along its length, contributing to the movement and stabilisation of different spinal segments. It plays an essential role in:

• Flexion-extension cycles – vital during locomotion.
• Load transmission between the limbs and spine – particularly in trotting and cantering.
• Back motion stability – ensuring controlled movement and force absorption.
  

  Clinical Relevance

  • Muscle tension and pain: Common in performance horses due to overuse, poor saddle fit, or incorrect training methods.
  • Weakness or atrophy: Can result from lack of use, neurological issues, or improper conditioning.
  • Osteopathic treatments: Techniques such as massage, stretching, and osteopathic adjustments can help maintain flexibility and function.
  • Diagnostic importance: Palpation, thermography, and ultrasound are useful tools for assessing muscle health and detecting injuries.

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  The longissimus dorsi is a key muscle in equine biomechanics, affecting movement, performance, and overall well-being. Understanding its anatomy, function, and common issues allows professionals to optimise horse care, prevent injuries, and improve equine athletic performance. Future research integrating 3D anatomical analysis and muscle activity measurements could further enhance our understanding of its function and clinical applications.

  References

  1. Journal of Applied Animal Science, 8(3), 9-26. Díaz Delgado, O. B., Louro, L. F., Rocchigiani, G., Verin, R., Humphreys, W., Senior, M., & Campagna, I. (2021). Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in horses: A cadaver study. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 48(4), 577–584. Available at: ScienceDirect
  2. Grösel, M., Zsoldos, R. R., Kotschwar, A., Gfoehler, M., & Peham, C. (2010). A preliminary model study of the equine back including activity of longissimus dorsi muscle. Equine Veterinary Journal, 42(5), 444–450.

  beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

• Piermattei’s Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones and Joints of the Dog and Cat (Fifth Edition), 2014, Longissimus Muscle. ScienceDirect
• Study.com. Longissimus Muscle – Function, Origin & Insertion
• Ritruechai, P. (2016). A Review on the Functions of the Horse Back and Longissimus Dorsi Muscle. Journal of Applied Animal Science, 8(3), 9-26.
• Spinal Biomechanics and Functional Anatomy by Jean-Marie Denoix (2019). Published in Veterinary Clinics: Equine Practice.
• Muscle Fibre Architecture of Thoracic and Lumbar Longissimus Dorsi Muscle in the Horse” by Dietrich et al. (2021). This study examines the intramuscular architecture of the longissimus dorsi, providing insights into its role in spinal stability and locomotion.

Biomechanics, Horses and Osteopathy

Biomechanics is the study of the mechanical principles that govern the movement and structure of living organisms. By examining how forces interact with the body, biomechanics bridges the gap between biological systems and physics, offering valuable insights into movement, posture, and overall functionality. Equine biomechanics focuses on understanding the horse’s musculoskeletal system, the dynamics of its motion, and the interaction between the horse and its environment.

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Applications of Biomechanics in Horses

The study of biomechanics in horses is essential for a wide range of practical applications, including:

Performance Optimisation

By analysing movement patterns, biomechanics can identify inefficiencies or asymmetries in a horse’s gait. This helps trainers, veterinarians, osteopaths, physiotherapists, and riders enhance performance, improve training techniques, and prevent injuries.

Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

Understanding the forces at play in a horse’s body allows professionals to detect early signs of strain or dysfunction. Biomechanics informs rehabilitation programs by tailoring exercises to restore proper movement and load distribution.

Saddle Fit and Rider Influence

The way a saddle fits and how a rider interacts with a horse significantly impact the horse’s biomechanics. Poor saddle fit or riding technique can lead to discomfort, restricted movement, and long-term issues. Research into these interactions helps improve saddle design and rider training. (1)

Diagnosis of Lameness

Lameness evaluations often incorporate biomechanical analysis to pinpoint the root causes of irregular movement. Advanced technologies, such as gait analysis systems, provide detailed data to guide treatment.

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Clinical Applications in Veterinary Medicine

Veterinarians use biomechanical principles to:

• Diagnose lameness and movement disorders
• Plan surgical interventions
• Design therapeutic exercises
• Evaluate treatment effectiveness

How Equine Osteopathy Ties In

Equine osteopathy complements the study of biomechanics by focusing on restoring balance and function to the horse’s body. Osteopathy considers the whole horse – its muscles, joints, organs and connective tissues – and seeks to resolve restrictions that might interfere with optimal biomechanics.

Synergies Between Biomechanics and Osteopathy

• Holistic Assessment: While biomechanics identifies mechanical inefficiencies, osteopathy addresses the underlying causes, such as restrictions in the body.
• Injury Recovery: Both areas work hand-in-hand to rehabilitate horses, combining precise movement analysis with hands-on techniques to restore function.
• Enhanced Performance: By improving joint mobility and muscle balance, osteopathy supports the biomechanical goal of efficient and pain-free movement.
• Injury Prevention: Help prevent injuries through proper conditioning
• Training: Develop training programs that enhance natural movement

It is important for an equine osteopath to have a deep understanding of the biomechanics of the horse.

Why Biomechanics and Osteopathy Matter

For horse owners, trainers, and equine professionals, understanding biomechanics and integrating osteopathy into regular care schedules can significantly enhance a horse’s well-being. Together, they provide a comprehensive approach to maintaining health, optimising performance and ensuring the longevity of equine athletes and companions.

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Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

Biomechanical and Osteopathic principles are essential in:

• Identifying movement patterns that may lead to injury
• Understanding how compensatory movements develop
• Developing effective rehabilitation protocols
• Assessing readiness to return to work after injury

The study of biomechanics offers invaluable insights into how horses move and function, while equine osteopathy provides the tools to address imbalances and restrictions. By integrating the two, equine professionals can ensure their horses are not only performing at their best but are also healthy, comfortable, and free from pain. (3)

Resources:

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1. Clayton, H. M., & Hobbs, S.-J. (2017). The role of biomechanical analysis of horse and rider in equitation science. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 190, 123–132. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016815911730062X
2. StudySmarter. (n.d.). Veterinary biomechanics. StudySmarter. https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/medicine/veterinary-medicine/veterinary-biomechanics/
3. Haussler, K. K. (2009). Review of Manual Therapy Techniques in Equine Practice. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 29(12), 849–869. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0737080609006753

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January is Walk Your Dog Month, a perfect time to embrace the health and bonding benefits of regular walks with your canine companion.

Walking your dog isn’t just about exercise; it’s about creating a routine that benefits both of you. Make “Walk Your Dog Month” your starting point for healthier, happier habits this year. Whether outdoors in the crisp winter air or indoors on a snowy day, every step you take together strengthens your bond and enhances your dog’s well-being.

So grab the leash, bundle up, and make the most of this January with your best friend by your side!

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Why Walking is Essential for Dogs

Walking is one of the simplest yet most effective ways to meet your dog’s physical and mental needs:

• Physical Exercise: Walking helps maintain a healthy weight, strengthens muscles, and supports joint health.
• Mental Stimulation: Sniffing, exploring, and encountering new environments activate your dog’s senses and reduce boredom.
• Behavioral Benefits: Regular walks can help prevent anxiety, destructive behavior, and hyperactivity.
• Socialisation: Walks introduce your dog to new people, animals, and environments, which can improve their confidence and manners.

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Tips for Establishing a Walking Routine

If you’re just getting started or trying to create a consistent routine, these tips can help:

• Start Small
  If your dog isn’t used to long walks, begin with 10-15 minutes and gradually increase the duration.
• Make It a Habit
  Choose a regular time each day for your walks, whether it’s early morning, during lunch, or in the evening. Consistency makes it easier for both you and your dog.
• Mix It Up
  Keep things interesting by exploring new trails, parks, or neighborhoods. Variety keeps walks engaging for your dog and prevents you from getting bored.
• Incorporate Training
  Use walks as an opportunity to practice commands like “heel,” “sit,” and “stay.” It’s a great way to reinforce good behavior in real-world situations.
• Track Your Progress
  Set goals for distance or time and use a fitness tracker or app to monitor your progress. Small wins will keep you motivated.

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Winter Dog Walking: What to Know

Cold weather and snowy conditions can make dog walking more challenging, but with a little preparation, you can keep your walks safe and enjoyable.

Protecting Your Dog’s Paws

In winter, sidewalks and roads are often treated with salt or chemical de-icers, which can harm your dog’s paws:

• Irritation and Cracking: Salt and chemicals can dry out and crack paw pads, causing pain and discomfort.
• Toxic Ingestion: Dogs may lick their paws after walks, ingesting harmful chemicals.

How to Protect Paws:

• Use Dog Booties: Booties provide a barrier between your dog’s paws and the ground, preventing contact with irritants and protecting against cold. Look for waterproof options with good grip to prevent slipping.
• Paw Balm: If your dog isn’t comfortable with booties, apply a protective paw balm before walks to moisturize and shield the pads.
• Clean Paws After Walks: Wipe your dog’s paws with a damp cloth or pet-safe wipe immediately after walks to remove any residue.

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Dressing for the Weather

Dogs with short coats or small breeds may need extra protection against the cold. Invest in a well-fitting dog coat or sweater to keep them warm.

Choose Safe Walking Routes

Avoid areas with thick ice or heavily salted paths. Stick to clear sidewalks, trails, or snow-packed paths with good traction

Adjust Walk Duration

In extreme cold, opt for shorter, more frequent walks to prevent your dog from getting too cold.

Alternatives for Bad Weather Days

If icy conditions or heavy snow prevent outdoor walks, there are plenty of indoor and alternative activities to keep your dog active:

• Interactive Play
  Engage in tug-of-war, fetch, or hide-and-seek using their favorite toys.
• Mental Stimulation
  Puzzle toys, snuffle mats, or treat-dispensing toys challenge your dog’s mind and keep them entertained.
• Stair Workouts
  Encourage your dog to run up and down stairs under supervision. This provides a great cardio workout in a small space.
• Short Outdoor Sessions
  If the weather allows, take your dog out for brief potty breaks or short play sessions in the yard.

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January’s chilly weather shouldn’t deter you—there are always ways to keep your dog happy and active!

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Walking as an Osteopathic Opportunity

Walking your dog isn’t just a way to keep them fit. It’s also a valuable opportunity to observe their movement and identify potential gait abnormalities or compensatory patterns. As canine osteopathy emphasises the importance of optimal biomechanics and movement, regular walks provide a unique chance to notice subtle changes that may indicate discomfort or underlying issues.

Pay attention to how your dog moves: Is their stride even? Are they favoring one leg, or showing joint stiffness? These signs could suggest you dog has developed compensatory patterns, where your dog shifts weight or alters movement to avoid pain. Over time, such patterns can lead to muscle imbalances, joint stress, pain, and reduced mobility – issues that osteopathic techniques aim to address.

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Supporting Canine Wellness Through Walking and Osteopathy

Incorporating mindful observation during walks aligns with the principles of canine osteopathy, which focuses on the body’s natural ability to heal when given the right support.

Regular movement helps maintain joint lubrication, muscle flexibility, and overall circulation, all of which are essential for your dog’s well-being. When combined with professional osteopathic care, walking can support recovery from injuries, manage chronic conditions, and promote overall balance and health.

If you notice persistent abnormalities or stiffness during walks, it may be time to consult a canine osteopath. These professionals can assess your dog’s musculoskeletal system and provide gentle, hands-on techniques to restore alignment and mobility. Together, regular walks and osteopathy form a powerful duo for maintaining your dog’s long-term health and vitality.

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Make Walking a Year-Round Priority

January may be Walk Your Dog Month, but the benefits of walking extend far beyond this single month. By incorporating regular walks into your routine, you’re investing in your dog’s health and happiness, and your own. Whether it’s a brisk winter stroll or a sunny summer adventure, every step strengthens your bond and keeps both of you thriving.

Your dog will thank you for it!

Equine CranioSacral Therapy is a gentle, non-invasive manual therapy that focuses on the craniosacral system – the membranes and cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. By assessing and addressing restrictions within this system, Equine CranioSacral Therapy aims to enhance the horse’s natural healing processes, alleviate pain, and improve overall well-being.

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Historical Background

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The origins of CranioSacral Therapy trace back to the early 1900s when osteopath Dr. William Garner Sutherland introduced the concept of cranial bone mobility. Dr. John Upledger further developed CranioSacral Therapy in the 1970s, establishing it as a recognised therapeutic modality for humans. The adaptation of CranioSacral Therapy techniques to equine patients began in the late 20th century, with practitioners modifying human protocols to accommodate the anatomical and physiological nuances of horses.

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Mechanisms and Benefits

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Equine CranioSacral Therapy operates on the principle that the craniosacral system’s rhythm influences the central nervous system’s function. Practitioners use refined palpation skills to detect subtle pulsations of cerebrospinal fluid and identify areas of restriction or dysfunction. By applying gentle techniques, they aim to release these restrictions, promoting optimal fluid flow and neural function.

The benefits are multifaceted, addressing physical, mental, and emotional aspects of equine health:

• Physical Health: Equine CranioSacral Therapy can alleviate musculoskeletal issues, enhance mobility, and support recovery from injuries. It has been found effective in treating conditions such as temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD), head trauma, and hind-end lameness.
• Neurological Function: By improving cerebrospinal fluid circulation, Equine CranioSacral Therapy supports the central nervous system, potentially aiding in conditions like head shaking and sinus or breathing problems. citeturn0search0
• Emotional Well-being: Horses may experience emotional or behavioral issues due to past traumas. Equine CranioSacral Therapy’s gentle approach can help release emotional tensions, leading to calmer and more cooperative behavior.

Clinical Evidence

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A study published in Acta Veterinaria Brno explored the adaptation of craniosacral therapy techniques from humans to horses. The researchers found that craniosacral therapy could be effectively applied to equine patients, suggesting potential benefits in treating various conditions. (1)

Equine CranioSacral Therapy represents a holistic approach to equine health, addressing the intricate connections between the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and emotional state. While empirical evidence is still emerging, clinical observations and preliminary studies indicate that it can be a valuable addition to equine therapeutic practices, offering a gentle yet effective means to support the health and well-being of horses.

As with any therapeutic intervention, it is essential to consult with a qualified practitioner and considerEquine CranioSacral Therapy as part of a comprehensive health care plan tailored to the individual needs of each horse.

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Resources:

Jandová, H., Beránková, A., & Valenta, M. (2017). Craniosacral therapy in horses. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 86(1), 75–81 https://actavet.vfu.cz/media/pdf/actavet_2017086010075.pdf

The Dangers of Iron Overload in a Horse’s Diet

Iron is a vital mineral for all living creatures, including horses. It plays a crucial role in oxygen transport and energy metabolism. However, when it comes to iron intake, balance is key. While iron deficiency is a common concern in many animals, horses are unique in that they are more susceptible to iron overload rather than becoming deficient.

Excess iron in a horse’s diet can lead to serious health problems, including organ damage, inflammation, and metabolic disorders.

Iron Levels in Horses: What Anemia Actually Means

Anemia is often the first concern when discussing iron in any animal’s diet. However, true iron-deficiency anemia is extremely rare in horses. Anemia in horses is generally not related to iron deficiency but rather to other health issues like chronic illness, internal bleeding, or parasitic infection. In cases of true anemia, other factors such as vitamin B12, folate, or protein deficiencies are typically the culprits, not a lack of iron.

Most pastures, forages, and grains provide more than enough iron to meet a horse’s daily requirements, making iron supplementation rarely necessary. Misdiagnosing anemia as an iron deficiency and unnecessarily increasing iron intake can exacerbate health problems.

Excess Iron and Why It Is a Concern for Horses

Excess iron in a horse’s diet is a growing concern and can be a silent but significant health risk. Horses have a limited capacity to excrete excess iron, which can accumulate in the body over time, leading to toxic effects. Iron overload can cause oxidative stress and inflammation, damage organs (especially the liver), and impair the absorption of other essential minerals such as copper and zinc. These disturbances can affect the immune system, metabolism, and overall health of the horse.

Recommended and Healthy Iron Intake for Horses

The average adult horse needs around 40-50 mg of iron per kg of body weight daily, which roughly translates to about 500-600 mg of iron per day for a 500 kg horse, according to the MSD Veterinary Manual. (1) Most horses meet or exceed these requirements through their regular forage and feed. A diet with more than 800-1,000 mg of iron per day is considered high and could pose risks over time.

It is crucial to evaluate the total iron intake from all sources, including water, forage, and commercial feeds, to ensure it stays within the recommended range. Unless a horse has been diagnosed with an iron deficiency by a veterinarian, adding iron supplements is generally unnecessary.

Dangers of High Iron Levels in Horses

Excess iron in a horse’s body can lead to a variety of health issues, including:

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: High iron levels can increase oxidative stress, leading to cell damage and chronic inflammation, which can affect various organs.

Liver Damage: The liver is the primary storage site for excess iron. Overload can lead to liver damage, reduced function, and eventual liver failure if not managed. (2)

Metabolic Issues: Iron overload can interfere with insulin regulation, increasing the risk of insulin resistance, laminitis, and metabolic syndrome.

Immune Suppression: Excessive iron can impair the immune system, making horses more susceptible to infections and slowing down their ability to recover from illnesses.

Mineral Imbalances: High iron intake can interfere with the absorption of other essential minerals like copper, zinc, and manganese, leading to deficiencies that affect coat quality, hoof health, and general well-being.

Why You Must Minimize Iron Exposure for Horses

Minimizing iron exposure is crucial to preventing the long-term damage associated with iron overload. (4) Given that iron is ubiquitous in nature, and found in soil, water, forage, and feed, it is easy for a horse to ingest too much. Responsible management includes being vigilant about all sources of iron in the horse’s diet, understanding the levels present in each, and adjusting accordingly to maintain optimal health.

Signs and Symptoms of High Iron in Horses

Recognizing the signs of iron overload early can prevent serious health complications. Symptoms include:

• Dull, rough coat
• Poor hoof quality
• Lethargy or reduced performance
• Unexplained weight loss
• Increased susceptibility to infections
• Signs of insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome (like regional fat deposits or laminitis)
• Liver issues, which may manifest as jaundice or abnormal bloodwork results

Tips to Lower Iron Intake

Test Forage and Water: Test hay, pasture, and water sources for iron content. Avoid using forage or water sources with high iron levels whenever possible.

Check Commercial Feeds: Review labels of commercial feeds and supplements to ensure they don’t contain excessive iron. Many commercial feeds already meet or exceed a horse’s iron requirements, making additional supplementation unnecessary.

Avoid Unnecessary Supplements: Avoid iron supplements unless specifically recommended by a veterinarian for a diagnosed deficiency. Consider feeds that are balanced with adequate levels of zinc and copper to counteract the effects of any excess iron.

Provide a Balanced Diet: Ensure that your horse’s diet is well-balanced in terms of minerals. Focus on providing adequate levels of copper and zinc, which can help counteract high iron levels.

Use Filtered Water: If the water source has a high iron content, consider using a water filter designed to remove excess minerals. Providing filtered water can significantly reduce daily iron intake.

How to Determine Your Horse’s Iron Status

The best way to assess your horse’s iron status is through a combination of blood tests and evaluating the iron content in their diet:

Blood Tests: Routine blood work can provide information on serum ferritin levels, liver enzymes, and other indicators of iron overload. Discuss the results with a veterinarian to determine if iron levels are problematic.

Diet Analysis: Analyze all components of your horse’s diet, including water, forage, and feed, to determine the total daily intake of iron. Aim to keep the overall iron content within recommended levels.

Caution Over Iron Supplements and Inclusion in Feed

Iron is commonly added to commercial horse feeds and supplements, often with the intention of supporting overall health or treating perceived anemia. However, over-supplementation is a significant risk, as most horses already get enough iron from natural sources. Feeding iron supplements without clear evidence of deficiency can do more harm than good.

Key Considerations:

• Consult a Veterinarian: Always consult with a veterinarian before introducing iron supplements. Blood tests are necessary to confirm any suspected deficiency.
• Check Feed Labels: Be cautious with feeds that list high levels of iron. Opt for feeds with balanced mineral profiles that include adequate levels of copper and zinc to prevent imbalances.

Iron is an essential mineral for horses, but excess iron intake can lead to serious health problems. While true iron deficiency is rare in horses, iron overload is a much more common and dangerous issue. (3)

Managing iron intake carefully by monitoring forage, water, and commercial feed can help prevent toxicity. Always consult with a veterinarian when considering dietary adjustments or supplements to ensure the health and well-being of your horse.

By being vigilant about your horse’s diet, understanding the risks of iron overload, and taking proactive steps to minimize exposure, you can help maintain optimal health and longevity for your equine companion.

For more information on how you can become an Equine Osteopath, click here 

Resources

1. MSD Veterinary Manual. (n.d.). Nutritional requirements of horses and other equids. Retrieved November 21, 2024, from https://www.msdvetmanual.com/management-and-nutrition/nutrition-horses/nutritional-requirements-of-horses-and-other-equids#Minerals_v3322724

2. Frank, N., & Tadros, E. M. (2014). Insulin dysregulation. Equine Veterinary Journal, 46(1), 103-112. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30269378/

3. Paulick Report Staff. (2019, March 4). Iron overload can be fatal for horses. Paulick Report. https://paulickreport.com/horse-care-category/iron-overload-can-be-fatal-for-horses

4. Utrecht University. (2020, February 11). Chronic iron poisoning from drinking drainage water fatal to horses. https://www.uu.nl/en/news/chronic-iron-poisoning-from-drinking-drainage-water-fatal-to-horses

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Musings of an Osteopath Part I

Chris Bates  M.Ost  DipAO  EEBW  BHSAI

Join me on a journey into my thoughts (not as disturbing as it sounds) about Osteopathy, medicine, and the healing arts. This is part one of a series that I hope to make a regular feature.

As we delve into the world of Osteopathy, it is common to come across questions and barriers to our development. At times like these it is always useful to take a moment to reflect.

Remember that a crisis is a call to action for change or an opportunity to learn. Let me assure you that reflection is a powerful tool especially when written down or shared with others. So, yes, this is helping me as much as it is you but hey, why miss the opportunity to develop myself too?

My early exposure to Osteopathy

My first experience of Osteopathy was seeing an equine Osteopath treating a horse at my college. After leaving school, I attended agricultural college to train for a national diploma in horse management and to complete my British Horse Society (BHS) qualifications. I intended to become a trainer and teacher and had a specialist interest in dressage.

During one semester in my second year, we had a day when equine practitioners of various disciplines visited the college to present their profession and answer our questions. The intention for this was to offer students a chance to learn about the different careers that their diploma may prepare them to move into (with further training of course).

We had seen a Farrier, a Nutritionist, two Race Grooms, a Vet, and several therapeutic practitioners and quite honestly, we were all getting rather tired as it was a long day of listening.

So, one would have thought that by this point my brain was already saturated with information. It was, however, the Osteopath who was presenting last and she re-ignited my mind instantly. We first listened to the Osteopath explain to us what she does and give an introduction to what Osteopathy actually is.

She exuded a sense of calm and composure even whilst remaining engaging and interesting. Over the years, I have come to realize that many of the best Osteopaths I know also exude this same calm. Some of the other students had already switched off from the long day but I was riveted to everything she had to say. I was deeply curious about her description of a “different paradigm” to health.

After her talk in the classroom, we all moved to the stables where she demonstrated an Osteopathic examination and treatment on one of the college horses. Her way of explaining everything she was looking at and doing was complex but understandable.

She had a way of making the confusing concepts seem easy to comprehend. As she said to me later, however, “Perhaps you were just ready to hear what I had to say and so grasped the Osteopathic viewpoint”.

I was totally absorbed in her demonstration and full of questions. I had begun mentally connecting the dots about my own health struggles as a teenager with hypermobility and chronic pain. So many things that had once been a mystery to me were making sense, a truly “Eureka” moment.

After her presentation, it was the end of the day at college and some practitioners had stayed to answer student questions. I think I completely monopolized the Osteopath for my questions but she was only too happy to speak with me.

I said that I had to learn more and was very interested in becoming an Osteopath too. She described how at the time, the only way in was to become a human Osteopath first which here in the UK is a four-year Masters level education with over 1000 hours of clinical practice and is a statutorily regulated primary healthcare profession.

Initially, my heart sank a little as I was only really interested in working with horses. I had set my sights and was sure that, eventually, I would get there.

Taking the plunge into Osteopathy

It would actually be years before I took the plunge and became an Osteopath. At college, I did qualify as a riding instructor and I worked in many equestrian roles enjoying every second. I had a wonderful time building my experience and reputation in the horse industry.

I did however eventually go for it and I completed my Integrated Master’s Degree in Osteopathic Medicine. I actually really enjoyed treating humans. I was asked back the same year I graduated to teach the degree course. I thoroughly enjoyed teaching Osteopathic principles and techniques and running my own human clinic.

During my career in the horse industry, I tried another therapeutic discipline and trained as an Equine Bodyworker. I had been treating horses as a bodyworker for almost 9 years by the time I became an Osteopath. But the bodyworker training lacked that Osteopathic process that had so sparked my interest.

Once I had my Degree in Osteopathic Medicine, I went on to meet Professor Stuart McGregor, and the rest, as they say, is history. Now here I am, an Osteopath for people and animals, but I felt that there was a pathway missing for people who wanted to become animal Osteopaths without the tortuous route I took.

LCAO fills that gap by offering education in animal Osteopathy without the requirement to be human-trained first. I agreed with this intention and so began working for LCAO.

The odd beginnings of the animal therapy industry

It would come as a surprise to you if you went to visit your local family doctor for a checkup and they also offered to check your dog over wouldn’t it? Perhaps there are some Doctors out there who are also Vets, but I would imagine they are very few and far between.

Yet in the early days of animal therapy as an industry, dual practice was commonplace. When a new profession starts out, there have to be pioneers who create and innovate. Our very own Prof’ Stuart McGregor was the first Osteopath to write their dissertation on the application of Osteopathy to animals.

In an industry where there are no courses in animal Osteopathy, the first practitioners had to be Human-trained and then transfer their methods to animal patients. However, this strangely led to animal therapy courses being created that required human training.

It would seem to me to be counterintuitive in some regards as would it not make more sense to commit more hours and effort into studying the actual animals you plan on becoming an expert in than the humans you may not wish to work with?

Think of it this way, if a person has extensive time and experience with horses during their training, they may catch the signs that another person may miss.

LCAO has created a pathway for people to train solely on animals should they wish to. As Osteopathy is a lens through which we view the patient, its principles and philosophy do not change just because of the type of creature we are seeing. Yes, this means there is a lot of crossover in the work with humans.

As courses that were first developed were reserved for those with human therapy training, a bias and perhaps elitism evolved from this. Of course, being the first course does not automatically denote quality over any others developed subsequently; however, there was some animosity growing in the industry.

People who ran or graduated from the courses open only to human therapy-trained practitioners began to feel angry that people were creating courses that did not require human training. Perhaps they felt protective over their vocation and were irritated that they had to go through a whole section of training that in reality wasn’t relevant in most cases.

The word was often spread by the human-trained practitioners that people graduating from these animal-only courses were not sufficiently trained or were somehow lesser. Of course, this made no sense but unfortunately, animal owners were often sucked into this belief and would continue to spread the misinformation.

Due to the division in the industry, many animal-only trained practitioners found it tricky to get a foothold in their chosen careers. Even some Vets were swayed by the misinformation from the human-trained practitioners and would only refer to them.

Often, the best way to combat this type of thing is through proof and performance and not by simply reacting with argument. Courses for animal-only practice developed with extensive input from industry leaders and researchers.

Links were formed with universities and standards were created to rival the most robust human practice degrees. The courses spoke for themselves. As many of the courses for human-trained students and their graduates had devoted much of their time to argument and disruption, the animal-only courses and practitioners committed to self-development, industry progression, quality in practice, and research. It was then that the human practitioner courses realized they were being left behind.

I myself chose an animal-only course in Equine Bodywork as my first step into animal therapy because that course is very high quality and high level. Those courses are even part of the professional training for the degree students at the university they use for course delivery.

I had actually trained in human sports massage prior to this, so I could have attended the human-trained courses but chose the one with the highest standard of learning.

Is Human training worth it? 

It would be disingenuous of me to pretend that human therapy training isn’t useful in some cases. In the equine world, human therapy training can be extremely useful as many of the issues that arise in horses can be a result of the rider.

Being able to assess a rider and observe them in the saddle can provide vital information. Of course, then one can also treat the rider which provides a separate income stream and can help the owner/rider feel they are getting the “whole package”.

However, it is highly recommended that equine therapists work closely with any trainers and instructors and this would mean rider assessment can be done by the instructor and then discussed with the therapist. This would be equally likely to make the rider feel they receive holistic service simply by the therapist communicating and networking well with other professionals.

It is much less likely that the human will affect a dog directly with their posture for example, but consider the owners’ activity levels and mobility. If the owner is struggling with their movement and some pain, they might not be providing the dog with adequate exercise and enrichment. This is a subject that can be discussed with the owner and perhaps a referral made for them to receive treatment.

One could also argue that humans can give you verbal feedback on your manual techniques and help you to develop your palpation and treatment skills. This could provide a therapist with a clear understanding of where to put their focus in continued training. So it’s clear that one would be foolish to completely discount one form of training pathway for another simply due to allegiances for example.

I would say that the main reason to consider human therapy training is if you wish to treat humans and you want to split your time. There is no necessity to do so though, and many of the world’s most highly regarded and busy animal therapists do not treat humans at all. It comes down to personal choice. Clients will choose you because they resonate with you, the key is finding your truth and living that.

Final thoughts

I am an Osteopath for people and animals and I love both. I use a lot of knowledge I gained from human training in my animal work and in my teaching. However, I am beyond pleased that LCAO and other discipline colleges now offer animal-only training.

The important thing is that there should be choice. Animal welfare is supported thoroughly with either avenue of training. Should you wish to work only with dogs or small animals, I would personally argue there is little reason for you to train on people first.

If you have an interest in rider biomechanics and equestrian sport, you can achieve much of the knowledge you need for that in continued professional development without having to undertake arduous human therapy training too.

To decide, you need to look at what you actually want to do in clinical practice. If you enjoy working directly with people then training to treat them too can offer a nice split to your working week.

LCAO is here to offer you quality animal Osteopathy training regardless of which route you wish to take. For more information on the International Diploma in Animal Osteopathy (Int’l DipAO), click here

By Rachel Pechek, LCAO instructor, and Kalie Larson, LCAO Animal Osteopathy Student

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Four core principles. They are the foundation of Osteopathic Medicine. We, as osteopaths, view the body as a complex, constantly changing, and interconnected system, where issues in one area can result in complications and compensatory responses elsewhere. London College of Animal Osteopathy student, Kali Larson, and LCAO Pre-clinical instructor Rachel Pechek have both recently experienced heartwarming success stories that exemplify the application of these principles.

Kali’s Client – A great example of how veterinary medicine and osteopathic care go hand in hand.

“Recently, a new client reached out to me seeking help with his horse’s health issues. After a day of moving cows, the client’s 10-year-old horse suddenly started experiencing stiffness and lameness that persisted.

Despite receiving treatment from different equine bodyworkers, the horse would appear to improve only to relapse into lameness. Afterwards, the horse sustained a puncture wound on its right stifle, which required surgery. A few months after that, the horse slipped out of the trailer and injured its left hind limb.

I agreed to care for the horse for a period of 6-8 weeks in order to investigate the issue and provide rehabilitation. Upon arrival, the horse displayed a camped-under stance when standing and would frequently lay down to rest.

During movement, there was a lack of mobility in the pelvis and lumbar spine, he would not track up and his movements were very stiff. Additionally, there were signs of asymmetry and muscle atrophy in the quadriceps and tensor fasciae latae.

The initial osteopathic treatment revealed restrictions in various areas of the hind end (lumbar, sacroiliac, sacrum, hips, stifles, and hocks), along with tense pectoral muscles and glutes.

Subsequent sessions uncovered recurring joint restrictions, including a recurring bladder issue detected through a non-invasive osteopathic visceral technique I learned from LCAO instructors.

After additional reflection and examining the interconnections within the horse’s body, I decided to proceed with x-rays on the horse’s stifle and hocks after I performed the second osteopath session.

After diagnosing moderate to severe arthritis in the horse’s stifles and hocks, a treatment plan was created in collaboration with the vet to get this horse back to ridable condition. There was a belief that the horse started developing genetic arthritis in its joints at a young age. The horse was put on Previcox (requested by the owner) once a day to manage pain and enable exercise to strengthen the muscles surrounding the joint.

By week 6, the dosage of Previcox was decreased to three times a week. Isometric exercises, ground poles, hill work, and riding on trails were gradually introduced over 8 weeks. Muscle stretching was reduced from twice daily to 3-4 times per week after 4 weeks. I also performed osteopathic treatments every 2 weeks.

After completing an 8-week rehabilitation program, an osteopath assessment showed no joint or visceral restrictions, all credited to the treatment of the stifle and hocks. As a result, the owner happily brought his horse back home and rode him joyfully for the first time in a year!

I provided the owner with specific isometric exercises and stretching routines to perform 3-4 times a week. A month later, I checked in and found that the horse was still in good condition, and the owner had resumed riding him on the ranch. The owner is now planning to collaborate with the vet to enhance joint care and ensure joint protection.

Experiences such as these are the reason why I choose to practice osteopathy on animals. The happiness I experience when witnessing an animal’s progress and the delight on the owner’s face is indescribable.

Prioritizing the animal’s welfare is my main focus, and I am committed to providing excellent care. This profession deeply connects with me, and every aspect of it brings me immense satisfaction. I feel incredibly thankful for the opportunity to study at the London College of Animal Osteopathy and be mentored by some of the best in the world. This experience has had a lasting impact on my life.”

– Kali Larson images

– A happy horseback riding with his owner.

Rachel’s Client – Osteopathy helping a lost cause

“Zeppelin is a lovely horse with a lovely owner. Unfortunately, luck was not on his side in late 2023. He escaped his paddock and was struck by a car. The vet bandaged a laceration following the incident, but otherwise,e he was considered to be in fare condition. He initially went back to work after the wound had healed, but started refusing to move forward shortly after his rehabilitation began. He had no imaging done after the accident.

When I first saw Zeppelin in August of 2024, his gait looked extremely uncomfortable. He was a pasture pet. His owner hoped to get him serviceably sound for a low-level riding job. Zep had previously been seen by a few practitioners of other modalities who thought he may have had fractures to his ribs and pelvis when he was hit.

Based on the way he was moving, it seemed plausible! We decided to proceed with osteopathic treatment every 2-3 weeks, giving his body time to adjust after each treatment. His prognosis was unclear at this point in time as we weren’t sure if what we were seeing was permanent damage to anatomical structures, if it was dysfunction, or if it was a combination of both.

During his first appointment, I was able to mobilize his thoracic spine and ribs and begin articulation in his neck and pelvis. His walk-up after this appointment showed a small margin of improvement.

At the beginning of his second appointment, it was a pleasant surprise to find that Zeppelins body had accepted much of the work we had done in the initial consultation! I was able to build on the previous appointments progress, beginning to focus more on his pelvis. During this second appointment, OAB and HVLA of the hip joints and low back as well as myofascial release were the main techniques used in his hind end.

The beginning of his third appointment was another exciting moment. Zep’s hind end had held much of the work done previously, indicating that much of what was found was dysfunction and not permanent damage.

His owner said he had a notable improvement in movement in the paddock and he was seen standing square on his own which was difficult for him before osteopathic treatment began. During this appointment, I assessed and treated his entire body with OAB, along with some myofascial releases to his pelvis and cranial osteopathic technique. The picture below shows Zeppelins progress after 3 osteopathic treatments. He is standing square in both photos.

The third treatment was timed to have a rehabilitation specialist present as well. It was decided, based on the owner’s comfort and the rehabilitation specialist’s expertise, that Zepplin will begin in-hand walking exercises to build strength in his new freedom of movement.

At this point, his prognosis is looking very positive. He may very well be able to handle the riding job his owner has in mind for him. I and the rest of his team of people are excited to see how far Zeppelin will go from here! He has already exceeded our expectations, as horses often do.”

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– Rachel Pechek – image

Kali Larson

In Stride Osteopathy

In Stride Osteopathy Facebook

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